UroToday.com - Background of this review paper was the question raised by the WHO Collaborating Center for Urologic Tumors to what extent it is possible to reconcile current molecular-biological findings with the clinical pathology of bladder neoplasia.

From our review, it appears that most of the clinical and pathological bladder entities can be defined by molecular-biological findings. Here, I would like to highlight the entities, which lack molecular-biological support or remain enigmatic. Among them is papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential (PUN-LMP) a new entity adopted in the WHO 2004 classification of bladder cancers. It appears that its distinction from low-grade non-invasive bladder cancer lacks, as yet , a molecular basis. Further, it appears that our current molecular model of bladder carcinogenesis cannot explain the origin of primary high-grade papillary urothelial neoplasms…